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Second Passports: Multiple citizenship prohibited/discouraged

Some countries consider multiple citizenship undesirable and take measures to prevent it. This may take the following forms:

Automatic loss of citizenship if another citizenship is acquired voluntarily (such as Azerbaijan,China, Czech Republic, Denmark, India, Indonesia,[citation needed] Japan,[8] Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Nepal, the Netherlands, Norway). In the case of the Czech Republic, two specific exceptions apply: restoration of Czech citizenship (while keeping the one possessed to date) when the citizenship of former Czechoslovakia was illegally taken away in the years 1948-1990 by the Communist regime and Czechs, as former Czechoslovakians who, as of September 31, 1992, had their Slovak citizenship that caused the automatic loss of their Czech citizenship could apply to regain that Czech citizenship without losing the Slovak one. Saudi Arabian citizenship may be withdrawn if a Saudi citizen obtains a foreign citizenship without the permission of the Prime Minister.
Possible (but not automatic) loss of citizenship if another citizenship is acquired voluntarily (such as Singapore, South Africa).
Possible (but not automatic) loss of citizenship if people with multiple citizenships do not renounce their other citizenships after reaching the age of majority or within a certain period of time after obtaining multiple citizenships (such as Japan and Montenegro. In Montenegro loss is automatic with some exceptions.)
In popular discourse, reference to countries that "recognize" multiple citizenship sometimes refer only to the lack of any specific statute forbidding multiple citizenship (leaving aside the difficulties of enforcing such statutes).
Some countries have more complex rules on dual and multiple citizenship. For example, Germany and Austria usually do not allow dual citizenship except for persons who obtain more than one citizenship at the time of birth Germans and Austrians can apply for a permit to keep their citizenship (Beibehaltungsgenehmigung) before taking a second one (such as Arnold Schwarzenegger holds Austrian and U.S. citizenship). In general however, any Austrian who takes up a second citizenship will automatically lose their Austrian citizenship. Spain has dual citizenship treaties with Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, the Dominican Republic, Argentina, and Honduras, and Spaniards residing in these countries do not lose their rights as Spaniards if they adopt that nationality. For all other countries, Spanish citizenship is revoked upon the acquisition of foreign citizenship